To What Extent Was the Advent of Renaissance Architecture in Britain a Essay

How much Was the Advent of Renaissance Architecture in Britain a Result of the Stuart Court and Monarchy - Essay Example The renaissance occurred at various occasions in various pieces of the world. At whatever point Renaissance is referenced, it must be recollected that it has to do with the cognizant recovery of specific parts of the way of life of antiquated Greek and old Roman social orders. As far as time period and request of event, renaissance design came after Gothic writing. A portion of the distinctive highlights of renaissance engineering (like old style design) incorporate exactness of estimation and extent and balance. Every one of these highlights additionally occurred during the British Renaissance. Renaissance got to Britain during the rule of Elizabeth I. Its approach in Britain can be said to have been impacted by Stuart courts and Monarchy. One must not anyway neglect to understand that despite the fact that renaissance Britain was the resurrection of old style culture, the motivations behind the engineering impossible to miss to them two are for various reasons. One of the most sign ificant traits of the Stuart government is that they brought to Britain, during their rule, impacts from all over Europe and even impacts from outside Europe. The ramifications of this is, the point at which one needs to think about their effect on British Architecture, it implies by implication that one is to think about the impact of different societies on British Architecture. At the point when the Stuarts were administering Britain, the nation turned into a conduit for the engineering plans that were begun in different pieces of the world. In reality, renaissance was not to the British. The resurrection that occurred in Britain was just the immediate outcome of the occasions that had occurred and happened before in Italy and France. In any case, if there was never the Greek or Roman human advancement, there could never have been in any way similar to Renaissance in any piece of the world, let alone in Britain. 1 The substance of the sum total of what that has been previously men tioned is that if the Stuarts rulers had not been so neighborly to expressions of the human experience or in the event that they had not invited the building structures from different pieces of the world, the thought of renaissance Britain might not have been conceivable in the primary occurrence. 3 Some of the impacts that the Stuarts took on incorporate those from the Netherlands, France, Germany and Italy. At that point, the impact of different climes was such a great amount of that in a solitary structure the structure plans of beyond what one nation can be consolidated. For instance, the plan of the French and the Italians might be joined in the British Renaissance Architecture configuration style and this is because of the way that the Stuarts really consolidated the structures of the French and the Italians in embellishment the British Renaissance Architecture into what it became. The impact of the Stuart government might be supposed to be generally prominent during the Eliza bethan time frame which denoted the start of Renaissance in Britain. The round curve which was one of the ensigns of the engineering that rose during the rule of the Stuart government likewise reemerged during the Elizabethan period.1 Yet it doesn't nullify the way that the Elizabethan period itself had highlights that were self-created. One of the highlights of the engineering of the Elizabethans that shows that not all the building structures of the period were an immediate impact of the Stuart government is the way that most windows and entryways during the period were round-headed. Then again, as it was during

Fedex Express In Vietnam Commerce Essay

Fedex Express In Vietnam Commerce Essay This theory plans to assess and define business technique for FedEx Express in Vietnam to additionally advance the companys upper hands. Fred R. Davids Comprehensive vital administration Model is utilized for this vital detailing. At the principal phase of this procedure, FedEx Vietnam quantitative assessments of interior, outer situations and its Competitive Ability Profile are made. A key gathering of five directors and pros who are proficient in air express transportation industry is shaped up to decide variables of every grid and weight/score of each characteristics of these segments. Information from this info stage shows the companys Internal Factor score shows companys most fragile focuses are working under organization contract. FedEx External Factor score uncovers the organization is receptive to outer condition. Anyway the degree of responsiveness to contenders and organization style in Vietnam isn't high. In Competitive Profile Matrix, FedEx positions the second situation among the four market pioneers. The zones that organization needs to investigate for development is client assistance and advertising. With the information from input stage, SWOT framework and Grand procedure network are utilized to figure every single pertinent technique. At conclusive phase of the definition procedure, every single elective technique that were chosen in coordinating stage are placed in Qualitative Strategic Planning Matrix (QSPM) to figure out which methodologies out of given elective systems are increasingly alluring. With the outcome, the proposition goes to some prescribed strategies for some key capacities to actualize the two chose systems for FedEx in Vietnam. Method of reasoning THE RESEARCH As a foundation administration, air express transportation playing increasingly more significant job in the worldwide economy. In Vietnam, the financial blasting and emotional development of global exchange bring extremely levels of popularity for air express transportation. This interest is basic in the two terms of transportation limit and nature of administration. Being in Vietnam for over 17 years, FedEx Express the world driving air express transportation organization, has been working under office contract with Seabornes Logistic. This plan of action gave FedEx an amazing access to Vietnam advertise at fire up. Anyway after over 17 years of advancement, in new business setting with more grounded rivalry and higher client request the organization is looking with following difficulties: Hole between client needs and the capacity of the activity group Different client interest for esteem included help versus the current center items Harder rivalry from fundamental contenders This circumstance requires FedEx VN to audit its technique for vital modification so as to keep up the great development and consistently extend its piece of the pie. What's more, that is my motivation to pick this point for my postulation. Exploration OBJECTIVES The exploration has 3 primary destinations: Survey technique definition models and speculations that are relevant to the commonsense business. Assess FedExs rivalry capacity with regards to Vietnam air express industry. The exploration will propose suggestions for FedEx business system in Vietnam from now to the year 2018. This exploration will address the accompanying inquiries: Why FedEx need to change its business procedure in Viet Nam? What is alluring methodology for FedEx Vietnam to 2018? Examination METHODOLOGY Fred R. Davids methodology detailing structure is utilized for the system assessment and determination. The model incorporates three phases: input stage, coordinating stage and choice stage. In the info stage, a group of tacticians with cooperation of fifteen individuals from territorial and FedEx Express Vietnam deals, promoting, client support and activity the board was framed up. The group talked about and concurred on list for interior variables (for Internal Factor Evaluation IFE Matrix), outer components (for External Factor Evaluation EFE framework) and key achievement factors (for Competitiveness Profile Matrix). After the three frameworks made, individuals from the group score weight and pace of every segment factor freely. The aggregate IFE, EFE and CPM are made up by normal the score from each colleague. These frameworks at that point are brought to group conversation for conclusive audit and remark. Optional information from FedEx profiles, industry overviews/reports and related data from Internet was utilized for the group examination and assessment. In the coordinating stage, result of the information stage is utilized to produce attainable elective methodologies. SWOT network and Grand Strategy Matrix are the two procedures in this stage. Consequence of coordinating stage is a solidified work sheet with every elective methodology. The methodologies which are relevant in the two lattices are gotten for examination in Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix (QSPM). In QSPM specialist can figure out which procedure is generally alluring to the firm base on appealing score. This is the last phase of the procedure. Degree AND LIMITATIONS The examination is for business technique of FedEx Express in Vietnam from now to 2018. Anyway key administration is a nonstop procedure containing of technique detailing, execution and assessment. In any case, in the extent of this exploration, the postulation will concentrate on some business procedures proposal for FedEx Express Vietnam as it were. Given the extent of the proposal, detail execution plan and assessment/input for ceaseless improvement which are similarly critical to guarantee an effective procedure were not profoundly referenced in the examination. Without assessment and input, the executives can't get all workers engaged with the vital administration process and henceforth can't exploit the procedure. Section I: THEORICAL FRAMEWORK Technique and Business Strategy Definitions Technique is certifiably not another idea. In present day economy, when discussing business, methodology is normally the principal thing to be referenced. It is considered as foundation of business which decides disappointment or accomplishment of a firm. Thereve been a great deal of definitions by researchers and specialists over the world. In an article What is technique? on Havard Business Review in 1996â [1]â , Micheal E. Doorman characterized methodology as making fit among a companys exercises. The achievement of a system relies upon doing numerous things well not only a couple and incorporating among them. On the off chance that there is no fit among exercises, there is no unmistakable methodology and little supportability. As to procedure, a definition by Kenneth R. Andrews in 1998â [2]â supposed Corporate technique is the example of choices in an organization that decides and uncovers its targets, purposes and objectives and it creates the rule arrangements and plans for accomplishing those objectives, and characterizes the scope of business the organization is to seek after. Procedure additionally characterizes the sort of financial and human commitment it plans to make to investors, representatives, clients and networks. Another definition by John A. Pearce in 2000, a procedure reflects companys consciousness of how, when and where it ought to contend, against whom it ought to contend and for what reason it ought to contend. In totally referenced definitions, system and business methodology are nearly the equivalent in a corporate or business person scope. In this way, all in all, a business methodology characterizes how a business/firm will go to prevail in its industry and market against its rivals. In this way, it ought to speak to the manners in which that the administration can make to characterize and make sure about the eventual fate of that business. Specifically, a business system characterizes the extent of business, targets, offering esteems, upper hands to address client issues just as succeed now and later on. Moreover, a business system ought to incorporate the two targets to be practiced and the activities must be done to follow that course. Business Strategy Management Business methodology the executives is characterized as the arrangement of choices and activities that bring about the definition and usage of plan intended to accomplish a companys destinations. All in all, business technique the board procedure incorporates three stages: Figure 1: Strategy the board procedure Source: Strategic Management, Statistic Publishing House 2007â [3]â The detailing step incorporates examination of current circumstance, conjecture of future status to choose and set up a proper technique. Execution is a procedure to accomplish key target(s) by utilizing technique detailing that set out in past advance. To make the procedure functioning admirably, a significant advance is assess and modification. At this stage, the usage is broke down to check whether there is any territory that organizations need to change to make the technique increasingly versatile. Business system the executives helps undertaking unmistakably decides its destinations and how to document it. It is instrumental in documenting superior, financially savvy and activity arranged. With setting up of transient destinations in supporting for long haul ones, the procedure includes all individuals from the organization, from bleeding edge representative to senior administration level. This consequently will improve the firm to forestall inconveniences. Chief will get support from subordinates in determining of the key arranging and in checking of the usage stage. The contribution of workers in vital detailing likewise improves their insight into the profitability reward relationship in every single key arrangement henceforth, it elevates their inspiration. The technique the board likewise enables the firm better to adjust to changes of condition. The development of condition, particularly for those quick moving elements, regular makes open doors just as dangers to the firm. Nonstop key administration which expects administrators to investigate and conjecture of the close and far future situations, causes director to all the more likely oversee and make the best of chances while limit the hazard that firm may need to look with. In any case, business technique the executives procedure for the most part

The United States (Foreign) policy towards Haiti Essay

The United States (Foreign) strategy towards Haiti - Essay Example The most extravagant 10% get 48% of the national pay while the least fortunate 10% gets under 1%. Over 70% of these settlers live in Florida and New York states. Haiti has been positioned as the most politically degenerate state in the world.3 The assessment structure significantly focuses on the essential wares created by workers while overlooking the entrepreneur class. This work will address the US international strategy towards Haiti as we attempt to set up the relations that have been there between the two nations. The article will rotate around the collaborations between the two nations to cover the inquiry in a neighborly way. Haiti picked up freedom from their French colonizers under the authority of Napoleon Bonaparte in January 1804. Anyway France didn't perceive their sovereign state until 1825 when Haiti paid 150 million gold francs to make up for lost property, slaves, land and gear France had utilized during the pilgrim era.4 Haiti needed to bear a monetary weight as high intrigue credits which was completely paid in 1947. Ostensibly the U.S movement arrangement on Haiti is harming. In 1957 Duvalier set up a fascism government which joined viciousness against political adversaries and imparting dread among residents using coercive force and dangers. U.S.A government suspended guide program towards Haiti in 1961 after claims surfaced that he had abused guide cash. Duvalier’s child Jean Claude acquired his father’s administration after his demise in 1971. His system dropped a portion of the coercive components that described his father’s administration. The United States in this way reestablished its guide program to Haiti in 1971. Duvalier was constrained into oust following quite a while of confusion in the nation after Pope John Paul II censured the regime.5 A temporary military government took control from 1986 to 1988 and another constitution authorized. This accommodated a chosen parliament, an

Software Quality Assesment Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Programming Quality Assesment - Coursework Example This guarantees there is anticipation of any unanticipated deformities. When begun from the earliest starting point of the item fabricate, the included gatherings can talk with one another and comprehend the imperfections that emerge as they progress to a few phases of creation. Quality is a troublesome and extensive thought that consistently is controlled by a few elements. This could either be from the supernatural perspective that sees quality as a thought that is conspicuous however difficult to portray. From users’ perspective quality is the capacity of an item to achieve its purpose behind being produced. Makers consider quality to be adhering to set down item capabilities. the items perspective that sees quality as been indeed the very same to with distinct highlights of a product lastly the worth based perspective that sees quality corresponding to how much the last client is willing and ready to pay to procure it. There are a few different ways that the nature of programming is guaranteed during assembling process (Tian 2005). These are: Programming Testing Programming testing is a deliberate procedure fundamentally committed to the discovery programming deserts. The item being fabricated is put to test under conditions that can be controlled. This could be in exceptional control rooms inside the organization premise uniquely intended for this kind of work. The fundamental explanation the makers guarantee that such a situation ought to be in a situation to be controlled is on the grounds that the makers mean to make a few situations whereby things turn out badly when they shouldn't and afterward they discover approaches to manage the issue. Programming Verification and Validation The confirmation procedure is embraced with the goal that the item is freed from unanticipated glitches directly before the testing procedure begins. Confirmation is comprised of assessments, gatherings, surveying plans, strategies, check ups, particulars among different subtleties. Then again, approval comes following approval and is the unequivocal examinatio n of the item to build up its deficiencies that may emerge because of breakdowns. Experiment An experiment is a record that plots the commitments, activities or occasions and the plausible responses of programming. This helps the makers/software engineers to see if all parts of the items are in the normal working status. This archive contains s points of interest, for example, the experiment identifier, name, reason, test conditions, system just as the normal results. Great Design A decent structure is accomplished when the general make up of the item is reasonable, easily customizable and simple to safeguard. The ideal structure of an item consistently depends on the last clients prerequisites. There are those items implied for business use therefore this are made more confused and exceptionally proficient than those implied for private/home use. Programming Inspection This is a procedure intended to reveal blemishes and issues particularly in records specifying details, coding, an d experiments among different issues (Rombach 1993). Understand that this procedure just distinguishes a hitch and advises the makers anyway it's anything but a procedure for amendment of such an issue. More often than not in programming quality checking methodology, it is practical. It is available to numerous spectators yet just a solitary peruser, mediator and a solitary individual for taking notes is required. Walkthrough This is an unconstrained and in private gathering that is intended for investigating the item. This is constantly gone to by the administration of the

The Art of Supervising Essay -- Business Management

Since the get-go there have been individuals who are pioneers and there are those that decide to be devotees. As a powerful pioneer, one must have certain characteristics and abilities that incorporate realizing how to rouse others to achieve an undertaking. This task will examine the job of a director in the multicultural society of today and the three qualities expected to turn into a viable chief. This task will incorporate the connection between chiefs, bosses, and workers and how these connections help with controlling associations in accomplishing their greatest potential and the significance of finding the correct representative to meet those objectives. In today’s business world, directors must have a one of a kind range of abilities that incorporates having the option to discuss well with others, being able to adequately mentor others, understanding the elements of working through others, and having execution the board aptitudes that permits them to deal with changes in a positive way. The job of an administrator is like the job of a mother or father. Similarly as a mother or father sustains their kid to turn into as well as can be expected be, a chief does likewise with his/her workers. A boss who is focused on setting their representatives up for progress is basically a spotter, mentor, organizer, helper, mentor, and a pioneer for others to follow (Cassidy and Kreitner, 2010, p. 9). While there are various characteristics that a chief ought to have, there are three basic attributes that stand apart over the rest as I would like to think. These attributes are (1) enthusiastic knowledge, (2) being straightforward and moral, and (3) being able to acknowledge assorted variety. Passionate knowledge, or EQ as today is referred to, can be characterized as noncog... ... Works Cited Cassidy, C., Kreitner, R. (2010). Oversight: setting individuals up for progress. p. 8-199. Artisan, Gracious: South-Western Cengage Learning. Dumb, R. (2010). Inventive administration for tempestuous occasions. Part 1, p. 8. South-Western Cengage Learning. Recovered from http://www.ppt2txt.com/r/9d2a1ad4/ Mathis, R.L., and Jackson, J.H. (2012). Human Resource Management: Essential Perspectives (sixth ed.) p. 67-69. Artisan, OH: South-Western Cengage Learning. Moglia, T. (Creator). (1997). Overseeing for progress: A guide for chiefs. Recovered from http://site.ebrary.com/lib/ashford/Doc?id=10058839 Sterrett, E.A. (Creator). (2006). Manager’s pocket manual for passionate knowledge: From the executives to authority. Recovered from http://site.ebrary.com/lib/ashford/Doc?id=10379760

Dear Job Seekers Stop Apologizing for the Experience You Dont Have

Dear Job Seekers Stop Apologizing for the Experience You Dont Have You have been job hunting for a while now.You have registered with several job boards but haven’t gotten the kind of job you are qualified for. You talk to your friends, consult your family and even read around online.You finally realize the mistake you have been making all along.You have been looking for the job that fits your qualifications. Unfortunately, you got none.Why?Job requirements are not tailored to your qualifications but to the employer’s requirements. It is them who are having a vacancy they want to fill. As such, they know the kind of person they want.As though a light bulb went on in your mind, you discover the truth your friend told you. He also shared with you his own story as an example though you didn’t believe him.It is true however that if you wait to perfectly qualify for a job, you are likely to remain unemployed.To avoid this, you decide to change tack. But just so the hiring manager understands why you applied, you opt to explain yourself. You say tha t you recognize the requirement but since you are adequately skilled, you can do the job.Will you get hired?Not likely!Why hiring managers seek experienceHiring managers, and bosses in general, want to work with the best employees. Although great employees can be made by the company, they also exist naturally. Or they build themselves prior to getting hired.Those who come already made (made here meaning experienced), are more attractive to the employer.As it is said, experience is a pretty good teacher. When you handle a certain level of exposure and pressure, then you are likely to perform better. And better performers are what companies look for.This is basic reasoning that has proven true. For example, a HR candidate who has been the supervisor of a 20-man team stands better chances than one straight from college. The reason is simple: the one who has been a supervisor knows the practical basics of handling people.Although the other candidate may be more skilled, there is no way to prove that his skills are effective. They may as well be theoretic. He may be very skilled on paper but seriously lacking in practice. No manager will want to experience such a situation.To keep productivity high, candidates with work experience are usually more likely to be hired compared to those lacking experience. It’s all about productivity. Saving time and lowering costs.IS WORK EXPERIENCE IMPORTANT?But is work experience really important? Is it worth ignoring the candidates who are quite skilled just because they lack the experience required?There are some managers who would consider candidates who aren’t experienced but have a strong skills set. Others would not even look twice at a resume which doesn’t show the experience they are looking for.At the heart of the matter, all hiring managers are human beings. And all humans have their unique inclinations and modes of operation. This is also seen in the HR decisions of different companies.Where some companies focus on maximum profits, others consider improving their employees. They will train their employees to strengthen them for their roles though the received training can also benefit their personal lives. These two differing views of business can easily dictate things like hiring decisions. They also dictate company policies.So the issue of importance is really dependent on who you ask. Still, a look around will tell you that experience is quite important.Does that mean that only those fulfilling all the requirements in the job description get hired?No, some of those who get hired lack experience too. They however come up with ways of showing themselves to be good enough, if not better, than the other candidates.When experience is importantGenerally speaking, there are some instances where work experience is very necessary. In those cases, your application will absolutely be rejected and frowned upon. It will be taken as an irrelevant application.And since there are many like those that reac h HR managers, it is one of the reasons many of them started looking to recruiting firms. At least that way, they won’t have to deal with too many resumes which don’t even meet the basic requirements of the job. In other words, they won’t have to waste time.But just when is work experience important and critical? We look at some example situations below.1. When the company is looking for new growth â€" this is a critical time for the company. Growth in business is a strategic move that has to not only be well considered but also implemented. As such, the company cannot afford to just pick anyone.Fortunately, this kind of situation is easy to spot even when the company has not openly declared it in the job post. Any position in the range of middle to top management should tell you that something is being done by the company and they really need experience.2. When facing financially-challenging times â€" there are many times in the life of a business when finances need to be han dled more keenly. Not only when the times are tough, but also when the times are good. Good times can also see finances ‘disappearing’ if the management isn’t careful enough.But when the times are hard, serious decisions need to be made. The company needs someone who is adept at cutting costs without compromising on the quality of product or service delivery.This becomes more serious when the company does not want to rush into cutting down on employee’s pay or increase the price of their products.Probably the company is spending excess money in some things without knowing it. Someone experienced can help identify the mistakes being made and save the company lots of trouble with both staff and customers.3. When a new department or team is being created â€" teamwork is the current buzzword in most businesses. And it is for a good reason. Focusing on individual employees has proven to yield less results than when focusing on teams.It is easier and more efficient to leverage a t eam’s strength as opposed to the strengths of many individual people. When companies decide to develop new teams and realize that they don’t have the right person to implement their idea, they look outside.At this point, they need someone who is not only a team leader but also a team builder. A builder experienced with the specific kind of a team they want to build. That becomes a very valid reason to seek experience.4. When seeking to fend off the competition â€" in business, you can never be comfortable and think that your business will keep growing. Threats are always available. And if they aren’t, then they are being created and will soon emerge sooner than later.As such, when a company seeks to hire people like marketing managers or PR managers, it is possible that they are looking for quick results. When the job description reads, “Online marketing expert,” believe them. They are really looking for an experienced expert.It can also help to do a quick check on the ind ustry the company is in. You can easily get the latest news online to inform you of what is happening in that industry. Still, you can get more insights in the detailed job descriptions if provided.When experience is not importantIn some instances, the stated work experience is merely a preference. For the hiring manager, if someone sees it and decides not to apply, then their work has been made easier. They will have fewer options to consider. It is also possible that the candidate was not the best bet.Some of the job positions really do not need any experience. For example, what experience does a cleaner need? Or a messenger?Well, if the company decides that they need someone with experience, they can come up with reasons for that.For instance, for an office messenger, the reasons for experience could be that they need someone who knows town. Someone who would not waste time asking for directions or worse, deliver a package or letter to the wrong recipient.For a cleaner, it may be argued that someone who has experience cleaning offices will do it faster and better. They have handled offices and know how to take care of documents lying on desks, the floor etc.Ultimately, it comes down to the employer. If he decides he wants experience, he will ask for it. But as mentioned already, there may be, and usually is, an opportunity for someone inexperienced to land the job.Some of the situations in which you can comfortably apply without experience despite it being requested are:1. When the job requires no technical skills â€" these are the kinds of jobs which anyone can do. They may be purely manual jobs like cargo loading, product checking/verification, office messenger, cook (as long as it’s not a hotel) etc.The jobs advertised in this case require doing things which you already know how to do. And if there is some special skill required, you can easily learn on the job. What you may need to do is learn the products being produced or something related.As such, go ahead and apply but steer clear of mentioning your lack of experience. Stick to communicating your ability to work. Also remember to pitch the skills you have which you believe are relevant to the job.2. When the vacancy being filled is an entry-level position â€" quite similar to the situation above, entry-level positions are the least technical. More than that, they don’t usually require much education qualification.This is normally the way to start a new career path when you lack education and experience in a certain field. So, if the position is an entry-level one, confidently apply. The video below gives you tips on how to go about the experience challenge. WHAT APOLOGIZING MEANSComing to the issue of apologies, you need to understand that you should steer clear. Do not think to yourself that since you can do the job, you can address the perceived weak point of experience.Remember one thing: an apology may mean one thing to you but a different thing to someone else.Sinceri ty is certainly a good trait to have. All the same, you need to express it in a different way. This does not mean that you are being insincere. This is about understanding the needs of the hiring manager as well as knowing what you have to offer.You have something that can cover up for the lack of “full qualification.” Go ahead and list your transferable skills. Explain how you can use them to solve the problems the company has.WHAT APOLOGIZING IS TAKEN TO MEANBefore thinking that your sincerity will make you outshine the other candidates, read on to know what the hiring manager will think.The hiring manager is at a position where he is tasked with getting the best candidate. As such, he is under pressure to sift through the applications and use good judgment to make the right choice.Remember that he is also looking to be very efficient in the hiring process. He therefore desires to take the shortest time possible.When he then goes through a cover letter and reads words like, †œAlthough I don’t have the exact work experience…”, he is very likely to just stop reading. That means he will stop considering the writer, who happens to be you. This will be an application that wastes his time.Below are three things that will easily show up in a manager’s mind upon reading your apology.You are not qualifiedObviously, you lack the experience. That means, according to the job description, you are not qualifiedâ€"and you know it. So why are you applying for the job in the first place?If the job requires experience and you don’t have it, isn’t it obvious that you can’t do the job? That is the reasoning the manager will have.You may argue that lacking in experience doesn’t necessarily indicate an inability to do the job. As correct as that argument is, keep in mind that you haven’t even gotten the opportunity to talk with your potential employer. So in this case, that reasoning is not helpful at all.Also remember that you are not the decision maker. M ore than that, the decision maker is in business. He seeks to make maximum profits. If you are not coming to facilitate that goal, then you have no place in the company.You’ll need to be trainedThis follows from the previous point. If you are not qualified yet are hired, you will have to undergo training. That means there will be an extra unnecessary cost to your being hired. And what manager wants that?None.Employee training is beneficial to the company and employers do it. This is however for those already employed. The training is usually to increase the employees’ capacity in handling growth.Sure enough, there is also a place for training for a new job. But that is rarely for the under-qualified. This kind of training is given to the newly-hired employees who are set to start working. The training is to familiarize them with the specific products or services offered by the company.As such, it is rarely a training but more of an employee orientation.For the under-qualified to be trained, it will take more effort. First they have to be brought to the same level as the qualified then trained on what the company does. This is a serious overhead for the company.For that reason, you will not be hired. Or even be called for an interview.You are poor at following instructionsThis may sound harsh but it’s really a reality that may be concluded by the one reading your cover letter.Never forget that employers don’t have much time to hire a suitable candidate. This is one reason why recruiters don’t always read cover letters from start to finish. They usually skim through them.Ever heard that you should win someone over by a great introduction? Such situations are the source of that wisdom.If you read the qualifications, realized that you aren’t qualified but still applied, it shows that you can’t follow simple instructions. You will likely be hired and when asked to do one thing, end up doing   something else.No manager wants to have such an employee in his team. And team leaders know how dealing with people can be difficult. So why go looking for more difficulty?You can’t do the jobThe thing is, your ability to perform a duty is largely based on your confidence levels. And these confidence levels get higher with every task handled.If you haven’t handled tasks similar to the one you are to handle in this job, what is the guarantee that you can do the job? Won’t you lower the overall productivity level of the company by delaying progress?According to the hiring manager, you probably can’t do the job.CONCLUSIONResist the temptation to feel you are doing something wrong when applying for a job that’s asking for an experience you don’t have. Or yours is not directly relevant. Presenting yourself well through your resume will cover that.So confidently apply for the job.

Is it Time to Say Goodbye to Bolam Test in Medical Law - Free Essay Example

Is it time to say bye-bye Bolam in medical law? Date authored: 9 th June, 2014 The test which has become enshrined in law as the benchmark by which medical negligence is assessed follows the 1957 ruling in the case of Bolam v Friern Hospital Management 1. Referred to since simply as the Bolam test it determined that a member of the medical profession will not be guilty of negligence if he or she exercised reasonable care in accordance with a practice accepted as proper by a responsible body of medical opinion. Therefore in order to satisfactorily defeat a claim of clinical negligence under Bolam a healthcare professional is required to do nothing more than adduce evidence from the respected peers from his or her speciality who agree with the standard of practice which is the subject of the action. This means that a defendant doctor will not be deemed to have been at fault providing his or her course of action is one that is professionally backed by colleagues despite the fact that other members of the medical may take an opposing view. This essay wi ll examine the effect of Bolam and address the question of whether its precedent represents a relic from a bygone era which no longer has a place in a modern legal system or whether it adequately serves society by striking a necessary balance between the medical profession and the patients to whose care they are entrusted. One of the main drawbacks of the Bolam test is that it gives legal sanction to a self-regulatory system that operates for the benefit of clinicians in that it is the medical profession themselves and not the courts that decide the yardstick by which reasonable practice is measured. In a departure from its usual role as arbiters of what proper standards of care should be the courts are consequently relegated to a passive, acquiescent role compliantly rubber stamping medically determined definitions of reasonable clinical practice. Bolam also provides a cloak of protection around medical practitioners in that it places an often insurmountable challenge on c laimants to show that no responsible body of professional opinion exists that would advocate the course of conduct under question. Although doctors may take the view that the course of action being considered may not have been one that they would themselves have adopted they may feel reluctant to go further and go on record to officially opine that the conduct of a colleague was actually below the levels that should be expected. This obstacle to proving liability inevitably acts to discourage claimants from pursuing cases and renders it highly problematic for legal practitioners to advise on the likely success of the claims in those that do. When examining the power and control Bolam affords the medical fraternity it perhaps comes as no surprise that its ruling came only nine years after the birth of the National Health Service when the appointed omnipotence and lofty pedestal upon which doctors were placed by a grateful public was at its highest and was reflected by judici al attitudes that viewed the risk of medical negligence asâ€Å"a dagger at the doctors back† 2. Bolam itself involved damages claimed for the injuries sustained by a patient during electro-convulsive therapy for the treatment of mental illness, a remedy which itself fell into serious disrepute and viewed as outmoded since the 1970s. 3 It set the legal standard during a period in which the conduct of doctors went largely unchallenged and was automatically judged to be motivated by medical goodwill and professional integrity. 4 Post Bolam society has gradually undergone a radical and fundamental change with a wealthier and more educated and informed public and a doctor / patient relationship which has broadly transformed from that of humble appreciation to one of high demand and expectation. 5 Following a shift change towards a rights based society and the promotion of core values protecting the individual right to fair and just treatment the public increasingly expect a consistent and proper method of redress and regulation when systems are shown to have failed them. High profile and shocking scandals involving the corrupt, dishonest and even criminal behaviour of medical practitioners have also acted to massively shake public confidence and trust in a body of professionals previously presumed to operate only with the highest principles of morality and virtue. These include serious cases such as those of notorious murderer Dr Harold Shipman, Dr Andrew Wakefield who published a fraudulent research paper falsely claiming a link between the MMR vaccine and the appearance of autism and bowel disease, gynaecologist Rodney Ledward who was struck off for a number of offences including poor quality of clinical care and carrying out unnecessary medical procedures and that of Richard Neale another gynaecologist found guilty of failing to provide appropriate care to patients and lying about his qualifications. 6 In the four decades that followed Bo lam its prerogative was largely unchallenged with any endeavours by the lower courts to expand on its principle proving futile and leading to a swift overrule and reinstatement by the House of Lords that the standard of care to be decided was a matter for medical judgement.7 However in the late 1990s just prior to the introduction of the Human Rights Act 1998 and perhaps following a recognition of changing public attitudes and the erosion of deference afforded to the medical profession, the House of Lords examined the central issue of Bolam in Bolitho v City Hackney Health Authority 8 and chose to look at the question of whether it is the courts or the medical profession which exercised supreme authority over what amounted to the standard of care demanded of clinicians. In that case their lordships ruled that the medical profession would only escape liability for their actions if the expert witness testimony of peers on which they sought to rely was found by the court to be l ogical and reasonable. Although the judgement affirmed that the final say was with the courts Lord Browne-Wilkinson somewhat mitigated its force when he stated that it would be rare that the courts would find a competent medical expert to be unreasonable. 9 Notwithstanding forecasts for its scarce application Bolitho does allow for the judicial scrutiny of expert evidence rather than mere endorsement and gives the courts authority to prefer the testimony of one body of experts over another. In an examination of case law post Bolitho, McClean 10 found that the case was sparingly referred to and that the courts still appeared to be more inclined to follow the standard form of Bolam without utilising Bolitho permitted analyses of professional opinion. Mulheron11 however concluded that that Bolithos influence could be seen despite the fact that it was not often openly acknowledged. It is worth noting that the logic of expert medical evidence has been directly examined in some c ases that have led to findings of negligence where they would previously have been afforded a harbour of sanctuary under Bolam. In Reynolds v North Tyneside Health Authority12 the court followed Bolitho and held that expert testimony that supported a practice that was untenable lacked a logical basis and accordingly could not be defended. In Penney v East Kent Health Authority13 a case that concerned false negative cervical screen results, the courts ruled on the basis of what the actions of the screener should have been when exercising reasonable care and rejected the defendants expert testimony that the slides could have been reported as negative- on the basis that it was inconsistent with public confidence and illogical. Considerations of public policy have previously played a part in judicial unwillingness to set a more prescriptive standard for doctors out of fears that it will result in overly defensive medicine in that clinicians will avoid getting involved with m ore pioneering and radical treatments due to fears of litigation. The Medical Innovation Bill championed by Lord Saatchi and currently in the consultation stage seeks to replace the Bolam test on the basis that it actually creates an unnecessary restriction on doctors by preventing them from deviating from normal practice in order to explore and develop new innovative techniques and surgical procedures14. The Bill which claims to prioritise the best interests of the patient proposes legislation permitting the medical profession to retreat from accepted medical practices in particular circumstances which include the existence of a plausible reason, an assessment of the risks associated with the proposed treatment and a full multi-disciplinary discussion. The Bill has received a great deal of criticism from the medical profession itself who feel that it is unnecessary and fear that it will compromise patient safety and â€Å"encourage quackery†15. The chairman of the British Medical Association, Dr Mark Porter commented, â€Å"At present, the law on medical negligence is framed to deter clinical interventions that might harm patients out of proportion to the potential benefits. The BMA is not aware of any evidence that shows this has stopped innovative and potentially successful treatments being trialled†16. Whilst medical advances must not be stifled the aims of law surrounding medical negligence litigation must do more than cover the back of the doctor. It is difficult to see how Bolam can be criticised for curtailing medical progress when its test is met merely on the basis of peer support. As argued by Dr Gerard Panting, â€Å"Fear of litigation has been cited as the driving force behind defensive medicine. But would that be so bad? If it causes one clinician to seek that views of a second†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦I, as a patient, am all for that†17. The question of determining whether standards of care have been sufficiently reac hed by members of the medical profession in clinical negligence cases will always be a formidable one for the courts given the undeniably complex and highly technical issues often in question. In an arena where developments are ever evolving and fast paced and concern practices that sometimes defy reliable determinants and cannot always be explained with complete scientific accuracy the answers to legal questions examining the adequacy of levels of care will inevitably heavily depend upon the views of the medical fraternity itself. In such circumstances it is difficult to imagine a fair and just system of medical litigation which does not apply a Bolam type test which accordingly makes it difficult to eliminate. Legislation that provides greater liberty for the medical environment to play God with unregulated experimentation which would unavoidably compromise patient safety seems a backward step and a return to patternalism which is unjustified. Notwithstanding an acknowledge ment and sympathy for the complicated and highly specialised topics often faced by the courts in medical litigation Bolam must not be used to allow judges to abdicate responsibility for ensuring that proper standards of care are being followed. If forcefully applied and fully embraced Bolitho represents an opportunity for the courts to apply a healthy check and balance to the vulnerabilities of Bolam and to ensure that it is not used to legitimise and maintain unsound, antiquated or shoddy practices of patient treatment simply on the basis that it is supported by fellow practitioners. Bibliography Alghrani A, Bennett R, Ost S, â€Å"The Impact of the Loss of Deference towards the Medical Profession† Bioethics, Medicine and the Criminal Law Volume I (Cambridge University Press 2012) BMA News â€Å"Medical innovation bill allows reckless practice† (15th May 2014) http:/www.bma.org.uk accessed 1 st June 2014 Carr C, Unlocking Medical Law and Ethics (Routledge 2012) Crossley J, â€Å"BMA takes scalpel to Saatchi Bill† (Zenith PI 27th May 2014) https://www.zenithwordpress.com accessed 1st June 2014 Dixon-Woods M, Yeung K, Bosk C, â€Å"Why is UK medicine no longer a Self regulating profession? The role of scandal involving â€Å"bad apple† doctors† Social Science and Medicine xxx (2011) 1-8 Harpwood V, Medicine, Malpractice and Misapprehensions (Routledge Cavendish 2007) Lord Woolf â€Å"Are the Courts excessively deferential to the medical profession?† (2001) 9 Medical Law Review 1 McCartney M, â€Å"Withdraw Saatchis quackery bill† British Medical Journal 29th April 2014 McClean A, â€Å"Beyond Bolam and Bolitho† 2002 5 Med L International 205 Mulheron R, (2010) â€Å"Trumping Bolam : A Critical Legal Analysis of Bolithos Gloss.† Cambridge Law Journal 69, 609-638 Panting G, â€Å"Doctors on the defensive† The Guardian (1st April 2005) Saatchi M, â€Å"We must liberate doctors to innovate.† The Telegraph 26th January 2013 Stone C, â€Å"From Bolam to Bolitho : unravelling medical protectionism† Medical and Legal Limited https://www.medicalandlegal.co.uk accessed 27th May 2014 2013 Table of cases Bolam v Friern Hospital Management Committee[1957] 2 All ER 118 Bolitho v City and Hackney Health Authority Hatcher v Black The Times 2nd July 1954[1997] 4 All ER 771 Maynard v West Midlands Regional Health Authority [1985] 1 All ER 635 Penney v East Kent Health Authority [2000] 55 BMLR 63 Reynolds v North Tyneside H ealth Authority [2002] Lloyds Rep Med Sidaway v Bethlem Royal Hospital Governors [1985] AC 871 Whitehouse v Jordan [1981] 1 All ER 267 1 [1957] 2 All ER 118 2 as per Lord Denning, Hatcher v Black The Times 2nd July 1954 3 Gary Null â€Å"Electroconvulsive Therapy: A Second Opinion.† 16th April 2010 p.5 4 Christopher Stone â€Å"From Bolam to Bolitho : unravelling medical protectionism.† Medical and Legal Limited https://www.medicalandlegal.co.uk accessed 27th May 2014 5 Lord Woolf â€Å"Are the Courts excessively deferential to the medical profession?† (2001) 9 Medical Law Review 1; see also A. Alghrani, R. Bennett S Ost, â€Å"The Impact of the Loss of Deference towards the Medical Profession† Bioethics, Medicine and the Criminal Law Volume I (Cambridge University Press 2012); Vivienne Harpwood, Medicine, Malpractice and Misapprehensions (Routledge Cavendish 2007) 6 Dixon-Woods M, Yeung K, Bosk C, â€Å"Why is UK medicine no longer a Self regulating profession? The role of scandal involving â€Å"bad apple† doctors† Social Science and Medicine xxx (2011) 1-8 7 see Whitehouse v Jordan [1981] 1 All ER 267; Maynard v West Midlands Regional Health Authority [1985] 1 All ER 635; Sidaway v Bethlem Royal Hospital Governors [1985] AC 871 (4) [1997] 4 All ER 771 8 [1997] 4 All ER 771 9 ibid at 779 10 Alistair McClean, â€Å"Beyond Bolam and Bolitho† (2002) 5 Med L International 205 11 Rachael Mulheron (2010) â€Å"Trumping Bolam : A Critical Legal Analysis of Bolithos Gloss.† Cambridge Law Journal 69, 610-637. See also Carr C, Unlocking Medical Law and Ethics (Routledge 2012) p.11 12 [2002] Lloyds Rep Med 459 13 [2000] 55 BMLR 63 14 Maurice Saatchi, â€Å"We must liberate doctors to innovate.† The Telegraph 26th January 2013 15 Margaret McCartn ey, â€Å"Withdraw Saatchis quackery bill† British Medical Journal 29th April 2014; see also Justin Crossley, â€Å"BMA takes scalpel to Saatchi Bill† (Zenith PI 27th May 2014) https://www.zenithwordpress.com accessed 1st June 2014 16 BMA News â€Å"Medical innovation bill allows reckless practice 15th May 2014 17 Gerald Panting â€Å"Doctors on the defensive† The Guardian (1st April 2005)

The Hypothesis That Increased Glucagon Like Peptide

VII. Current Research A. Study by Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (Adrian Vella, M.D. Principal Investigator) 1. Studied the hypothesis that increased glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) secretion explains the improvement in insulin secretion after Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB) Surgery (therapeutic long-term treatment for patients with morbid obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus) a) â€Å"The overall metagenomic RYGB-induced shift was characterized by a reduction of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes and an increase of Proteobacteria . . . Highly correlated species [of bacterium] were assembled into two common components. Component 1 consisted of species that were mainly associated with BMI and C-reactive protein. This component was characterized by†¦show more content†¦C. Newcastle University Study 1. Researchers conducted a study where patients did 90 second intervals of intense exercise (cycling) and observed the effects it had on the heart. It â€Å"improved cardiac structure and heart function, particularly the left ventricle, which is altered by the development of type 2 diabetes† as well as helped with maintaining a normal blood sugar level (Wood 2). D. Various studies with Vitamin D Experimentation 1. Study D2d, principal investigator Anastassios G. Pittas, M.S., M.D., large scale clinical trial funded by NIH a) Investigation of whether vitamin D supplementation helps prevent or delay type 2 diabetes in pre-diabetic adults (The D2d Study is Underway 1). 2. Another study researched whether vitamin D was a predictor of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality and risk of progression to micro- or macroalbuminuria in type 2 diabetic patients. a) The study concluded that â€Å"severe vitamin D deficiency predicts increased risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, independent of UAER and conventional cardiovascular risk factors. Whether vitamin D substitution improves prognosis remains to be investigated† (Vitamin D levels and mortality in type 2 diabetes 1). b) Study was conducted in 2010 but Vitamin D is still being investigated as a possible factor in prevention/controlling of diabetes today. E.

Free Speech On The Internet - 1022 Words

It is about time we have some filters or establish and enforce legal ramifications on the use of the internet when hate speech is identified in all 50 states. These legal ramifications should be extended to people in authority who use information from the internet to get to their subordinates. The internet has radically changed the way we get and disseminate information. The internet is a place to express free speech and just be yourself, but this has many times come back to hunt users in a negative way. This paper will be looking at how schools, workplaces, and even other users misuse the idea of free speech on the internet and why we need to filter hate speech and introduce legal ramifications for these actions. Some schools have used their authorities to discipline students and teachers over things they posted on the internet from the privacy of their homes and on their private time. In America, students are not supposed to lose their constitutional rights â€Å"at the schoolhouse gate.† The protection of students’ rights to free speech and privacy in and out of school is essential for ensuring that schools provide both valuable education and training in our democratic values. Unfortunately, schools continue to demonstrate a troubling willingness to cut back on students’ rights. In recent years, educators have repeatedly disciplined students for speech critical of teachers and administrators. An example will be the case of sixth grader in Minnesota who posted on her FacebookShow MoreRelatedFree Speech And The Internet2352 Words   |  10 PagesFree Speech and the Internet Several years after the end of the American Revolution the United States Constitution was being drafted by some of the nations most important historical figures. Politicians such as Benjamin Franklin, John Hancock, and George Washington were just three of the thirty-nine who eventually signed the Constitution on September 17, 1787 (â€Å"United States Constitution,† 2015, â€Å"1787 Drafting,† para. 7). With the birth of the constitution, came the fear that our newly createdRead MoreEssay on Internet Free Speech Issues and Implications2143 Words   |  9 PagesInternet Free Speech Issues and Implications       Abstract:   The issue of free speech has been around since the founding fathers first ratified the constitution of the United States.   With the emergence of new technology, especially the Internet, freedom of speech has been redefined and its limits tested.   What are the limitations of free speech on the Internet, and how can they be enforced?   These are the constitutional questions for the digital age.    Imagine being in your home, aRead More Free Speech on the Internet v. United States Constitution Essay1681 Words   |  7 Pages The internet became a very popular and huge way of getting millions of different kinds of materials and information for everyday use in the later 80s early 90s. It became easy for anyone to access millions of different kinds of materials ninety nine percent of which is decent according to our governments standards and one or less percent which is considered to be material the is indecent or harmful to minors.(ABC) These facts maybe deceiving however because there are millions of internet sitesRead MoreEssay about Internet Pornography Censorship vs Free Speech1671 Words   |  7 PagesThe Internet is a worldwide network of computers and databases that has evolved rapidly in recent years. Tremendous amounts of information are transmitted and are fairly easy to obtain. Although in the past the information available was for the most part educational and bu siness oriented, in recent years it has become much more diverse and questions have been raised as to the appropriateness of the content being viewed and consumed. Another issue is whether or not the government should take anRead MoreDo Internet Service Providers Have a Responsibility to Regulate the Content That Is Available on the World Wide Web? Is the Presence and Ease of Availability of Pornography to the General Public a Tribute to Free Speech1116 Words   |  5 Pagessociety has found ways to record sexual experiences via paint, print, film and with recent technology, the Internet. Society has used every technological step forward to portray the sexual act. With each step forward this has increased the pornography forum to a broader audience. This audience is being propelled by a powerful urge to see images of sex. Nowadays pornography and the Internet, go hand in hand. However who is regulating this material, the website companies want to make the most revenueRead More Cen sorship and the Internet Essay1213 Words   |  5 Pageson the internet many people believe that some of this information should be censored by the United States Government. Whos to say what should be accessible and what should not? Where does it start and stop? Does internet censorship make a nation a safer place to live? There are many countries that don’t allow the use of the internet at all and some countries only censor what they don’t want their citizens to know. Daniel Calingaert said â€Å"The internet has provided greater space for free expressionRead MorePre Nazi Holocaust And The Civil War1181 Words   |  5 PagesJohn Downing asks several tough questions to the believers of more speech: â€Å"What was the ‘healing antibiotic’ [(referring to more speech)] after the 1838 Cherokee Trail of Tears†¦Why will dialogue occur? What kind of dialogue?† (Downing 177), and later, â€Å"..where is the ‘more speech’ during the centuries of slavery†¦Was the Civil War fought simply because Frederick Douglass and Sojourner Truth†¦and their relatively few supporters spoke† (Downing 183). He also gives the example of pre-Nazi Germany, describeRead More Cyberspace Hate Propaganda and Internet Censorship Essay1244 Words   |  5 PagesHate Propaganda and Internet Censorship The Internet is an ideal medium for hate groups, such as neo-Nazis, because of the mass exposure, inexpensiveness, uncensored nature and ease of publishing offered. The Internet allows hate groups to target a broad audience: impressionable children are the most vulnerable. Attempts at censorship fail because of the international nature of the Internet, and to a lesser extent, free speech contentions. Instead, the freedom of speech exercised by cyberhateRead More The Controversy Over Internet Censorship Essay1152 Words   |  5 PagesThe Controversy Over Internet Censorship   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   For many people, using the Internet has become practically a new way of life, especially for college students and the like.   Various types of information can be accessed at the touch of a button: anything from encyclopedias, to surveys and essays, to articles from magazines, and adult sites.   Anyone who pays for their Internet service is usually offered space for his or her own web page, and even many free services provide space for personal webRead More Should the Internet be censored? Essay946 Words   |  4 PagesShould the Internet be censored? Should the Internet be censored? This is a sticky question; no matter what answer you give to this question there will always be a valid argument in response to your answer. There are lots of arguments in the answer I found doing the research I did. The United States is not the only country with this problem. Because, remember now the Internet is worldwide and it involves every single country in the world. If a person thinks the Internet should be censored then

Comparing Aristotle s 8 - 1455 Words

Now the question is what values should one have to rule, what makes them qualified compared to others. Plato outlines the different aspects of government and why he believes an aristocracy would be better form of government. In book 8 Socrates starts to wrap up his depiction of a just city. He starts to break down the four unjust constitutions of the city and man. Timocracy, which is represented by the honor-driven man who resembles and rules that sort of government. There is an oligarchy, ruled by a man driven by his necessary appetites. Democracy, in which the man is controlled by unnecessary appetites. And finally there is tyranny, which the man is driven by unlawful appetites. Socrates towards the end of book 8 break down how all these†¦show more content†¦In book 9 Plato discusses the aspects of the tyrannical man. He mentions that the tyrants are someone who is consumed by lawless desires. One question I have is the tyrannical man destined to be a tyrant because he has a noble democratic father? These desires lead men towards ghastly, shameless, criminal actions that are particularly bad for someone in an position of power. Socrates offers an example of a lawless desire is the desire to sleep with one’s mother, something that is horrible to do in any society. It is made clear that all of us have lawless desires, which is indubitably true. The proof is that these desires occasionally come out at night, in our dreams, when the rational part of us is not on guard. But only the tyrannical man allows these desires to emerge in life while he is awake during the day. Plato s description continues, the tyrannical man is the son of the democratic man. His father is not lawless, but he does indulge unnecessary desires. Just like the father, the son is exposed to drones, men with lawless desires. However the father had his own oligarchic father’s thriftiness to pull him toward the middle road of democracy. This is crucial for the balance one must have to be a ruler in society. Now this son brought up on the democratic ethos, moves further toward lawlessness. The father and entire household try to win him back, but the ultimate triumph of the lawless is inevitable. Based onShow MoreRelated Feminism in Medea by Euripides Essay1000 Words   |  4 Pagessociety, contradicts Jason?s chauvinist beliefs, challenges the stereotype that women are weak and passive and completely disregards the feminine role of motherhood. Feminism is the belief that women and men are, and have been, treated differently by society, and that women have frequently and systematically been unable to participate fully in all social arenas and institutions. This belief is confirmed in ancient Greece where the status of women was very low. Aristotle describes the relationshipRead More The Human Function Argument Essay1990 Words   |  8 PagesThe Human Function Argument Aristotle argues that the human function is activity of the soul that expresses or requires reason. This argument is found in Nicomachean Ethics approximately between Bekker lines 1097b24 and 1098a9. 1. Humans must have a function, or else they would be idle, which is absurd. Aristotle directly asks the reader if humans might have no important overall function other than a chosen occupation in society but suggests that this would not be expected of nature. TerenceRead MoreThe Debate Between Nature And Nurture1828 Words   |  8 Pagesproviding supportive historical thought provoking ideas by major influential figures. In conclusion, one will state one s position in regard to the issue. Nature as used in this context refers to the contribution of a person s genetic makeup to the development of his or her psychological traits and behaviors. In essence, it is the totality of what a person is born with, be it one s physical bodily matter or innate ideas. Here we shall first turn to the world of the ancients. Plato, the ancient GreekRead MoreGreek Influence on the Roman Empire Essay2942 Words   |  12 Pagesof the Greek and Middle Eastern cults from about the 3rd century B.C.E. Old Roman deities were equated with the Greek gods and accordingly given with their attributes and myths. Some important ones were Dionysus and Apollo, who were brought to Rome.[8] Social Structure Social Classes Greek social classes originated from Athens. Athens had an upper class. Directly below this class were the Metics, or the middle class. The next class was the freemen, and at the very bottom were the slaves. The upperRead MoreDoes Genetics And Personal Experiences Affect The Ability Of Express Emotion?2939 Words   |  12 Pagesmany theories that were developed by scientist and psychologists throughout the centuries that express their beliefs on how emotion is developed. Seventeenth-century English philosopher John Locke described a young child s mind as a â€Å"tabula rasa† (blank slate) upon which the child s experiences are recorded. A child at a young age can be easily impacted or influenced by anything that is going on around them and the way instances are perceived and responded to can affect the way the child is going toRead MoreHow Mass And How Does It Work?2144 Words   |  9 Pagesmeasure of an object s resistance to acceleration (a change in its state of motion) when a force is applied. It also determines the strength of its mutual gravitational attraction to other bodies. In the theory of relativity a related concept is the mass–energy content of a system. The SI unit of mass is the kilogram (kg). Mass is not really the same as weight, but we often do different calculations on an object’s mass by measuring the weight with a scale, instead of comparing it directly with otherRead MorePlato and Confucius4610 Words   |  19 Pagesas ‘justice.’ This may be considered an ambiguous rendering, as the term seems to have a more expansive meaning. Some have argued that it is better translated as ‘morality’ or as righteousness,’6 but these terms were foreign to Platos culture. Aristotle claims that the meaning of the original word itself ‘seems to be ambiguous.’ He states, ‘It is clear, then, that there is more than one kind of justice, and that there is one which is distinct from vir tue entirely†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (427). While Platos definitionRead More The Big Bang Theory of the Origin of the Universe Essay2983 Words   |  12 PagesAlthough Georges Lemaitre (pictured in Figure 1) first proposed the Big Bang theory itself in the 1920’s (â€Å"Origins of the Universe†), people have debated over the creation of the universe since Aristotle was alive. Aristotle argued that the universe had an infinite past, which concerned Jewish and Islamic philosophers because this didn’t fit with their belief in creationism. Many philosophers after Aristotle began forming arguments to support a universe with a finite past in response to his philosophy.Read MorePoetry Is An Art Of Representation Or Imitation2631 Words   |  11 PagesPoetry is often a poet’s way of portraying emotion unable to be expressed verbally. Even at the beginning of literature, great authors had established this as being a fundamental of poetry, â€Å"both Plato and Aristotle insisted that poetry is an art of r epresentation or imitation† (Hamilton 1829). One of the many poets who have poured their heart and mind into their poetry was Emily Dickinson. Dickinson has been noted as the girl who hid from society with the fear of being unaccepted, â€Å"Frightened by

Analysis Paper 1 - 1297 Words

Liberty Baptist Theological Seminary Analysis Paper 1 Submitted to Dr. Rod Dempsey In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Course Small Group Ministries DSMN 630-D01 By Erica Shelton March 30, 2014 Small groups are the proper environment to develop and grow disciples of Jesus. The purpose of a small group is to develop sacrificial, relational, transformed people who can continue the cycle of disciple development. Small groups must be intentional, individual and missional. There are five primary passages that can be used to form a small group ministry philosophy. Each of these passages have accompanying principles that we can apply to our small group ministries. Primary passages that form a small†¦show more content†¦From him the whole body, joined and held together by every supporting ligament, grows and builds itself up in love, as each part does its work.† Small group environments help every part grow into their right place in the body. â€Å"Discipleship is about providing a means by which we begin to shepherd people in the direction of maturity.† It requires effort and intentionality to help people grow, discover their gifts and use them for the health of the body. My church and its’ small group structures I currently attend and work at a church with 2000+ regular attendees. We currently have over 40 small groups that meet on a weekly basis. Small groups are at the core of what we do. Beginning at age 3, we believe that the small group is THE place to grow more like Jesus and practice the â€Å"one anothers† with one another. After reading the lecture notes church structure chart, I would say that my church falls between the attractional and organic view of small groups. We have an amazing new building that has a â€Å"come and see† feel; but, we also believe in relational missional groups that go out in the community. We believe that all gifts are needed in the body of Christ. We believe in forward movement, so we do count people and dollars. But our real success is measured in life change. We have a large budget that supports the staff and property, but a large portion of that budgetShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Paper 13137 Words   |  13 PagesAnalysis Paper 1 Jennifer Lincoln COUN 620 Liberty University March 29, 2015 In regards to key developmental aspects of human growth in my life and as I integrate Erickson’s eight stages of development into my 48 years of life, I found that many of my transitional tasks were delayed, or not developed according to Erickson’s time frame. 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Pier 1 excels in its strategy as a niche differentiator with theRead MoreAnalysis and Critique of Reading Assignment 1 Paper â€Å"Limits of Instruction-Level Parallelism† In700 Words   |  3 PagesAnalysis and Critique of Reading Assignment 1 Paper â€Å"Limits of Instruction-Level Parallelism† In this report the author provides quantifiable results that show the available parallelism. The report defines various terminologies like Instruction Level parallelism, dependencies, Branch Prediction, Data Cache Latency, Jump prediction, Memory-address alias analysis etc. used clearly. A total of eighteen test programs with seven models have been examined and the results show significant effects of theRead MoreA Trend Oriented Power System Security1749 Words   |  7 PagesPOWER SYSTEM SECURITY ANALYSIS METHOD BASED ON LOAD PROFILE Power system security is an important aspect in the present generation. Power system security must also be economical. We can’t predict the fault at every time, so based on trend analysis method on load profile in this paper we are going to see the various methods which help for the protection of the power system. So we should carefully monitor the security. By these methods discussed in the paper we are to form securityRead MoreGravimetric Analysis of a Soluble Sulfate1690 Words   |  7 Pages Gravimetric analysis describes the methods for finding the chemical constituent of analyte in a solution through analytical chemistry. This method uses the mass of solid SO42-, with an unknown quantity and quality, to qualitatively determine the makeup of the solid SO3-. Two separate experiments with the initial compounds of BaCl2 and SO42- were put into solution to allow for the BaSO4 precipitate to form. Through filtration and ignition of precipitate containing ashless papers, the solid massesRead MoreNothing742 Words   |  3 PagesPricing Analysis Paper 1 Week 8 Pricing Analysis Paper Brian Newman Business 626 Dr. Mohammed Nadeem June 4th, 2012 Pricing Analysis Paper 2 Table of Contents Executive Summary†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..3 First Data Set†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦4 Second Data Set†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.6 Future Scenarios†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.7 Summary†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..8 Referances†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Read MoreCritical Analysis of a Quantitative Research Study1080 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Prepare a critical analysis of a quantitative study focusing on protection of human participants, data collection, data management and analysis, problem statement, and interpretation of findings. The quantitative research article can be from your previous literature review or a new peer-reviewed article. Each study analysis will be 1,000-1,250 words and submitted in one document. As with the assignments in Topics 1-3, this should connect to your identified practice problem of interest. Refer toRead More7-11 Case Study Essay1010 Words   |  5 PagesAssignment #1 – MBA Choices in Finance Assigned Class 2 – Due 11:55pm on Sunday Week 4 75 Points – two page paper David Jetter graduated from college six years ago with a finance undergraduate degree. Although he is satisfied with his current job, his goal is to become an investment banker. He feels that an MBA degree would allow him to achieve his goal. After examining schools, he has narrowed his choice to either Prentice University or Mount Alliance College. Although internships are Read MoreComm 215 Syllabus Essay1466 Words   |  6 Pagescoursework. 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Explain how two nonprice factors impact the demand of your chosen product or service. 3. Explain how two nonprice factors impact the supply of your chosen

DNA Profiling and Ethics Free Essays

string(119) " the use of genetic fingerprinting to determine whether two individuals have a biological parent–child relationship\." DNA Profiling and Ethics Reflection Journal Vanshika Khemka 14th October 2012 â€Å"33 autorad off† On 10th September 1984, geneticist Alec Jeffrey’s wrote these three words in his red desk diary. This marked the completion of an experiment, which studied how inherited illnesses pass through families. The experiment failed entirely. We will write a custom essay sample on DNA Profiling and Ethics or any similar topic only for you Order Now (McKie, 2009) However, this led to the most profound discovery: the world’s first DNA fingerprint. Now, the smallest swab of blood or sweat can determine the identity of an individual. We will discuss this process of DNA profiling in this journal. After going into the in-depth analysis of DNA profiling, we will discuss its uses and the ethical and legal issues that swarm the subject. |What is DNA Profiling? | Formally, DNA profiling is the analysis of short, highly specific, tandem-repeated- or hypervariable- genomic sequences, minisatellites known as variable number of tandem repeats (VNTRs), to detect the degree of relatedness to another sequence of oligonucleotides. Segan, 1992) It is a technique employed by  forensic scientists  to assist in the identification of individuals by their respective  DNA  profiles, which are encrypted sets of numbers that reflect a person’s DNA makeup and can also be used as the person’s identifier. |The Process | Deoxyribonucleic Acid (â€Å"DNA†) is a six-foot long molecule found in the nucleus of every cell in the body. With the exception of identical twins, each individual’s DNA is unique. Thus the first step in the profiling process is to obtain a sample of the individual’s DNA, which is usually done using a buccal swab (i. e. from the cheek). We could also use a sample of blood, semen or hair. This sample is then analyzed using different techniques; discussed below. |Techniques of DNA Profiling | |Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) | It is a technique that exploits variations in homologous DNA sequences. It refers to a difference between samples of homologous DNA molecules that come from differing locations of restriction enzyme sites, and to a related laboratory technique by which these segments can be illustrated. In this process, the DNA is first chemically extracted from the sample. It is then fragmented using restriction enzymes. These enzymes act like scissors and cut the DNA where a specific sequence occurs. By gel electrophoresis, the DNA fragments are placed in a gel through which an electric current is passed. Owing to the negative charge of the DNA, the fragments migrate toward the positively charged pole of the gel. The DNA is then denatured and Southern blotting transfers the DNA fragments to a nylon membrane. A buffer solution is pulled through the gel and membrane and absorbed in paper towels. Hybridization, brought about by radioactive probe, shows only those fragments of interest from the polymorphic area of the DNA. Autoradiography is carried out next where the blot is placed in contact with a piece of x-ray film, where the radioactivity probe exposes the film and bands appear on the film where the probe has bound to the DNA. The results are then interpreted and in the case of a criminal investigation or civil case, it is matched against the suspect’s DNA profile, thus completing the process. (Hoeffel, 1990) This method is however very long-winded, cumbersome and the combination of all the above-mentioned steps could take about a month to complete. A large sample is required which makes it tougher. Hence other methods are adopted in recent times. |Polymerase Chain Reaction | With the invention of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique, DNA profiling took huge strides forward in both discriminating power and the ability to recover information from very small (or degraded) starting samples. PCR greatly amplifies the amounts of a specific region of DNA. This process increases the number of copies of the allele, making enough DNA to allow the test to be performed on what may have originally been a DNA sample of insufficient molecular weight. Due to this technique the test can be conducted using a single hair strand. (Hoeffel, 1990) This process consists of a series of 20-40 repeated temperature changes, called cycles, with each cycle commonly consisting of 2-3 discrete temperature steps. The cycling is often preceded by a single temperature step (called  hold) at a high temperature (90 °C), and followed by one hold at the end for final product extension or brief storage. The temperatures used and the length of time they are applied in each cycle depend on a variety of parameters. These include the enzyme used for DNA synthesis, the concentration of divalent ions and dNTPs in the reaction, and the melting temperature (Tm) of the primers. The rest of the process is similar to the RFLP method. The major breakthrough is the fact that now the smallest trace of evidence can be used for DNA profiling as opposed to the large samples needed in the RFLP method. |Short Tandem Repeat Analysis | Also known as Microsatellites, short tandem repeats is used as an extension of the PCR Method. This method uses highly polymorphic regions that have short repeated sequences of DNA (the most common is 4 bases repeated, but there are other lengths in use, including 3 and 5 bases). (Hoeffel, 1990) Because unrelated people almost certainly have different numbers of repeat units, STRs can be used to discriminate between unrelated individuals. These STR  loci  (locations on a chromosome) are targeted with sequence-specific primers and amplified using  PCR. The DNA fragments that result are then separated and detected using  electrophoresis. |Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism | This is another technique that is much faster than RFLP and uses PCR. It not only has higher reproducibility, resolution, and sensitivity at the whole genome level compared to other techniques, but it also has the capability to amplify between 50 and 100 fragments at one time. In addition, no prior sequence information is needed for amplification (Meudt Clarke 2007). As a result, AFLP has become extremely beneficial in the study of bacteria, fungi, and plants, where much is still unknown about the genomic makeup of various organisms. |Applications of DNA Profiling | DNA profiling is extensively used for paternity testing and forensic analysis for criminal investigations. Parental testing is the use of genetic fingerprinting to determine whether two individuals have a biological parent–child relationship. You read "DNA Profiling and Ethics" in category "Essay examples" Comparing the DNA sequence of an individual to that of another individual can show whether one of them was derived from the other. Specific sequences are usually looked at to see whether they were copied verbatim from one of the individual’s genome to the other. (Berry, 1991) As for forensic analysis, laboratories compare the molecular weights of fragments of DNA from the suspect sample and crime sample and decide whether the two fragments could have come from the same individual. There are major benefits from this technology: the potential to make speedy and robust suspected offender identi? ations through automated profile comparisons in centralized criminal justice databases; the ability to con? dently eliminate innocent suspects from investigations; the increased likelihood of generating reliable and persuasive evidence for use in court; a reduction in the cost of many investigations; the likely deterrent effect of DNA databasing on potential criminal offenders; and a poss ible increase in public con? dence in policing and in the wider judicial process. (Berry, 1991) We will explore the ramifications of this extensive use in the next section. Is it ethical? | Now that we know the widespread use of DNA profiling, we see the power that it has and the influence it can have when it comes to people’s lives and the verdict issued in criminal cases. But is this power justified on an ethical front? Is it ethical to give so much power into the hands of the people responsible for carrying out these tests? Indeed, the development and application of DNA pro? ling has been widely described as the â€Å"greatest breakthrough in forensic science since ? ngerprinting. † However, the spread of forensic DNA pro? ing and databasing has also prompted a wide range of concerns about problems that may arise from the storage of tissue samples (especially those taken from individuals without consent) and the proliferating uses of genetic information by the polic e. (Williams Johnson, 2006) One could say that DNA profiling violates basic ethical values. Based on the values of liberty, our rights are technically reduced by police powers, which have the right to take and retain fingerprints and DNA profiles and samples without consent. The Forensic Use of Bioinformation: Ethical Issues, 2007) â€Å"So act that you use humanity, whether in your own person or in the person of any other, always at the same time as an end, never merely as a means†; these words of wisdom imparted by Kant, also suggest that DNA profiling and the freedom to use that as evidence without explicit permission of the individual concerned would be using them as a means to an end and not an end in themselves. Therefore it can be argued that using DNA profiling takes away autonomy. The Forensic Use of Bioinformation: Ethical Issues, 2007) Spatial privacy is â€Å"a state of non-access to the individual’s physical or psychological self†. This is invaded by the nonconsensual taking of biological samples and fingerprints, and, to a lesser extent, by unwanted surveillance of the individual. And as can be inferred by the very nature of DNA profiling, informational privacy and anonymity is infringed upon by using samples obtained from databases and tests. (The Forensic Use of Bioinformation: Ethical Issues, 2007) Additional issues arise if identifiable samples or profiles on a forensic database are used for research outside the narrow context of identification and police investigations. Using DNA profiling for paternity testing and for determining one’s lineage can be very harmful as it violates the privacy of the people concerned. It could cause potential moral and mental harm to the parents and the children concerned as entire families can be uprooted as a result of this. Past criminal cases which used paternity testing also prove that relatives and families can be affected mentally as well as physically. People in witness protection programs as well as people on the police databases can be negatively affected if a previously unknown family link is reestablished without their knowledge and consent. (Haimes, 2006) The list of legal and ethical concerns is endless. The question the arises that which side wins? Benefits of DNA profiling, or the issues concerning DNA profiling? |Which side is stronger? | Having seen the costs and benefits of DNA profiling and its usage, the benefits are debatable on moral and ethical grounds. However, in my personal opinion, it does not have to be black and white; good or bad. There can be a grey area, a middle ground, where DNA profiling is neither entirely correct nor entirely wrong. There have been cases where DNA evidence has saved many innocent lives and incriminated people who had been causing immense harm to others. Thus, we should pass legislations, which aim at curbing violations and encouraging true and just practices. In the cases where the DNA of individuals is being used as evidence or if parental testing is being done, their should be informed consent by the individuals. They should be aware of the sensitive nature of the information and should be expressly asked for consent to have the data published or used as evidence. The National DNA Database set up in the UK is an example of the dangers and benefits DNA profiling can hold. Personally, a national DNA database in all countries would be a very risky venture as a lot of personal information would be at stake and inter country rivalries could result. We have established the power of DNA profiling and the power that people who have access to this information have. So I would like to end with a quote. One’s interpretation of this quote can determine where they stand on the matter. â€Å"It is time for you to gather some idea of what power means. The first thing you must realize is that power is collective. The individual has power in so far as he ceases to be an individual†¦ The second thing for you to realize is that power is power over human beings. Over the body- but, above all, over the mind. Power over matter- external reality, as you would call it- is not important. Already our control over matter is absolute. † – George Orwell, Nineteen Eighty-Four Bibliography | Berry, D. A. (1991). Inferences Using DNA Profiling in Forensic Identification and Paternity Cases. Statistical Science , 6 (2), pp. 175-205. Haimes, E. (2006, June 1). Social and Ethical Issues in the Use of Familial Searching in Forensic Investigations: Insight from Family and Kinship Studies. Journal of Law, Medicine and Ethics , 263-276. Hoeffel, J. C. (1990, January). The Dar Side of DNA Profiling: Unreliable Scientific Evidence Meets the Criminal Defendant. Stanford Law Review , 42 (2), pp. 465-538. McKie, R. (2009, May 24). Eureka moment that led to the discovery of DNA fingerprinting. Retrieved October 10, 2012, from The Guardian: http://www. guardian. co. uk/science/2009/may/24/dna-fingerprinting-alec-jeffreys Segan, C. J. (1992, February 15). DNA Profiling. The Dictionary of Modern Medicine . The Forensic Use of Bioinformation: Ethical Issues. (2007, September). NuField Council on Bioethics . Williams, R. , Johnson, P. (2006, June 1). Inclusiveness, Effectiveness and Intrusiveness: Issues in the Developing Uses of DNA Pro? ling in Support of Criminal Investigations. Journal of Law, Medicine and Ethics , 234-247. Wikipedia How to cite DNA Profiling and Ethics, Essay examples

Generic Strategy of Ansoff Matrix and Porter †Free Sample

Question: Describe about Generic Strategy of Ansoff Matrix and Porter? Answer: Introduction The report will discuss in detail about Ansoff Matrix and Porters generic strategy. The report will try to highlight that how Ansoff Matrix is applied on various organisation and what is significance of each matrix for different organisations. Further the report will focus on Porters generic strategies and how these strategies can be beneficial for different type of organisations. Discussion of Ansoff Matrix Penetration: - there is a situation where the company tries to sell the product to the present loyal customers and for that they engage in some strategies like penetration strategy (Jarratt Stiles, 2010). It can be done in various ways like by changing the pricing and also by adding minute factors like new and improved features which will add value to the products or by changing the packaging like sachets of shampoo or by highlighting various other uses of product (Jarratt Stiles, 2010). Here a perfect example can be taken of Cadbury India where the company is pushing the message to buy more chocolates instead of sweets specifically on festivals (Hussain et al, 2013). Product development: - company like McDonalds introduce different variety of cuisine from time to time in order to retain its existing customers and many of the items are pushing the concept of health and fitness for health conscious people (Jarratt Stiles, 2010). For example, McDonald had introduced salads which are not something for which it is known for. However, there was a lot of pressure from the system and also the consumer behaviour changing towards health and fitness, the company had to take the decision in order to develop their product (Jarratt Stiles, 2010). Market development: -market development happens when an existing product is being introduces in the different market (Hussain et al, 2013). This strategy is one of most used strategies in order to extract the all the advantages of that successful products. A perfect example which can be taken here is entering into different geographical area available on national and international level (Hussain et al, 2013). Like Apple has introduced many iPods of different type which is present into the same category. IPod Touch was tried to be made of iPhone and the only difference is that it couldnt make any calls. Diversification: - Diversification is something when a totally new product is introduced by the company in a completely new market and this is termed as diversification (Hussain et al, 2013). Here, iPhone is one of best example which has proved to be most successful diversification present in the market and as per the launch the company tried to target a very large customer group and it is very different from its traditional small market following (Hussain et al, 2013). Infect the CEO of the company Steve Job made sure through his hard work and dedication in creating a contract with the help of many music labels and various artists (Hussain et al, 2013). Generic strategy of Porter According to Porter, the complete framework of strategy has two important components; one is internal and second is external analysis (Porter, 2012). While external analysis builds on economic perspective of the industry structure and how a firm make the most of the competencies of the company. When Porter says that organisation should not get stuck in the middle when it comes to strategy. By this statement he means that a company should compete in all possible ways and the best way to compete is set a strategy and get along with it. The set strategy should be simple and should not be very complex (Porter, 2012). It mainly focuses on hoe an organisation should compete. Porters focus on whole structure of the industry is basically a powerful method which covers analysing the competitive advantage and also building competencies which help the organisation in taking effective decisions and the power of effective decision making only increases in this situation. Though there are many com panies which emphasize on just one type of analysis and also very essential however it is not sufficient to set the company on the right path (Porter, 2012). The actual strategies of the company have to focus on the company most challenging factor and the issues it is facing in various aspects of the organisation. Some of these strategic decisions are more based on the events that are happening in the present and on the other hand there are some which are subject of periodic strategic reviews (Porter, 2012). Now, as far as generic strategies are concerned there are three approached which come under these strategies since they can be applied on products or services and it also can be available for all size of companies (Porter, 2012). Porter named these strategies as cost leader ship which can also be known as no frill strategy, differentiation where the company will have to create an unique or desirable products and services and focus where companies offers a specialised service in a specific niche market (Porter, 2012). Focus strategy can subdivide into further two parts as cost focus and differentiation focus. The main motive of Porters generic strategies is to gain competitive advantage which means the company will focus on developing an edge that helps the company in getting the maximum sales of their product or service and also help in take it away from the competitors. This can be done through two strategies (Porter Lee, 2013). First one is increasing the profits by reducing the costs and also charging prices which are on the basis of average in the industry. Second method is increasing the market share through charging lower prices and increasing the sales. Another strategy defined by Porter is the differentiation strategy which means that the company make its own product or services different from the competitors and also make it more attractive for the customers (Porter Lee, 2013). How company do it completely depend on the nature of the market in which the company is working and it will also involve features, functionality, durability and support. Apart from this, the company also depend on brand image of the customer value (Porter Lee, 2013). Organisation also needs to focus on a strong research which involves development and innovation, the capacity to deliver high quality product or services and effective sales and marketing so that the industry understand the advantages offered by the differentiated company (Porter Lee, 2013). Then there is focus strategy which focus on companies that use this strategy mainly concentrate on specific niche market and also tries to understand the dynamics of the market and the specific needs of the customers within it (Porter Lee, 2013). The company also focus on developing a uniquely low cost and well specified product or services. The main motive of these companies to build a strong brand loyal customers and the company is able to do so since these companies serve customers in a unique manner. This is why this specific market segment is less attractive for the competitors (Rangan et al, 2012). As a part of broad market strategies, it is very important to decide before hand whether the company will focus on cost leadership or on differentiation strategy. So in this strategy the company will either depend on cost focused strategy or on differentiation strategy (Rangan et al, 2012). On the broader basis, the main key is to ensure that the company is adding something extra which as a result serves only that specific market niche. The fact that something extra which can be done through number of ways like reducing costs or by increasing differentiation, it is important to focus on the kind of customers company is serving and the kind of expectation of the customers (Rangan et al, 2012). Porter always maintained in his work of generic strategy that the one thing in which companies need to focus is not to get stuck in the middle when it comes to strategy which means it is very important to choose the right and a perfect generic strategy since the decision to choose a specific type of strategy will help in underpinning every other strategic decision for the company and make it more worthwhile in order to spend right time on right things (Rangan et al, 2012). However, this is a very crucial decision for the company and they need to focus on choosing an appropriate strategy and also avoiding hit and trial method which may result in losing a lot of money and time. Since the generic strategy covers different type of people and all the strategies proposed by the customer covers different market area, it is not advisable to focus on all three types of strategies at the same time (Rangan et al, 2012). Therefore when the company is in the process of choosing three generic stra tegies, it is significant to take into account the competencies of the organisation and its strength into account (Rangan et al, 2012). There are number of steps which can be followed here in this case. The first one is that for each generic strategy the company will have to focus on SWOT analysis where the company can understand its strengths and weaknesses, the opportunities and threats that the company can face if in case they adopted a specific strategy (Rangan et al, 2012). This will help in giving a clear idea to the company and they can easily make the right decision. Second step is to conduct five forces analysis in order to understand the nature and the pattern of the industry in which the company is working (Porter Kramer, 2011). Another step is to make a comparison between the SWOT analyses of the viable strategic options with the result of the five forces analysis of the company and for each option, the company can ask themselves how the specific strategy can be used (P orter Kramer, 2011). There are number of strategies which can be used here like by reducing or managing the power of suppliers or reducing or manage the power of the customers or buyers (Porter Kramer, 2011). Further the company can also come out on the top of rivalry among the competitors and also reduce or eliminate the threat of any kind of substitution and the company can also work on reducing or eliminating the threat of new entry. The company can select the generic strategy that gives the company a strongest way to capture the market in the best possible way (Porter Kramer, 2011). Conclusion The report has discussed in detail about Ansoff Matrix and Porters generic strategy in detail and highlighted the advantages of all the points covered in both the concepts. The report has tried to understand that the basic difference between the companies and how these different companies will have to adopt different strategies in order to sustain in the market for the longest period of time. Reference Jarratt, D., Stiles, D. 2010. How are methodologies and tools framing managers' strategizing practice in competitive strategy development?.British Journal of Management,21(1), 28-43. Hussain, S., Khattak, J., Rizwan, A., Latif, M. A. 2013. ANSOFF Matrix, Environment, and Growth-An Interactive Triangle.Management and Administrative Sciences Review,2(2), 196-206. Porter, D. R. 2012.Managing growth in America's communities. Island Press. Porter, M. E., Lee, T. H. 2013. The Strategy That Wilt Fix Health Care.Harvard Business Review,91(10), 50-+. 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